Probable Cause Defense Strategy in a DUI Case
Probable cause in DUI cases usually involves whether the police had probable cause to pull the person over.
If the police are just willy-nilly pulling people over because they think they must somehow be involved with some illegal activity, even though they don't have any proof they did anything wrong to pull them over, this would be a good defense in a DUI case.
The way it would work would be to say, why did you pull that person over? Well, they looked suspicious.
That's not going to be good enough. They're going to have to pull them over for some traffic violation. Still, when we get the dashcam from their police cruiser, it shows there wasn't a traffic violation, and they're just pulling people over randomly for no reason.
Police Must Have a Valid Reason To Pull You Over
In that scenario, where you get lucky enough to catch them in a lie like that and get in big trouble for that, you would also argue that because of the illegal pullover, anything that flowed from that pullover cannot be used against my client.
An example would be any statement my client made or my client's breath if you took a break sample after that illegal pullover. They made my client do the field sobriety tests after the illegal pullover couldn't be used.
Now you get yourself in the position where you've got a pretty darn strong argument that they don't have any more evidence left to use against you because it's all been suppressed by the judge. The judge, upon finding that the evidence was obtained as a result of an illegal pullover, will rule that it cannot be used in court, following the 'fruit of the poisonous tree' doctrine.
So, that initial stop is where this probable cause defense comes in. They must have probable cause that some criminal activity is afoot to stop them, or they have to have some traffic violation. If they don't have that, they get into a real problem and can win the case based on that.
What is the Probable Cause for a DUI Arrest?
Also, they have to have probable cause to give you more than just a traffic ticket. In other words, let's say they pull you over because you're swerving or pulling you over. After all, you're speeding. Alright, give you a ticket and let you go.
To go beyond that, they need probable cause that you're drinking alcohol and driving or using drugs and driving. And the way they can get that evidence is if they smell your breath and your breath smells like alcohol or if they sense your car and it smells like marijuana, then yes, they can get you.
They can order you out of the car. They can start to perform field sobriety tests on you and try to get you for a DUI. But they need those specific things.
They can't just pull you over for a traffic stop and then try to parlay every traffic stop into a DUI, which they do. Because they'll ask you, have you had anything to drink? If you say yeah, I've had something to drink. That's it; it's on. They got you.
If you slur your speech and can't talk, you might swerve all over the road dangerously; that might be enough to give them probable cause to stop you, get you out of the car, and ensure that you're safe to be on the highways.
California's Implied Consent Law
As a California driver, it's crucial to understand that you have rights. Driving, from the DMV's perspective, is a privilege, not a right. One of these rights is the implied consent law. This law states that if the police suspect you might be under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both, you have the right to cooperate with them.
Refusing to provide a blood or breath sample when requested by the police can have serious consequences. It's important to remember that as a driver in California, it's your responsibility to cooperate with the police in these situations. Failure to do so could result in a one-year suspension of your driver's license.
So, you have to handle your end of it the right way, and the police have to make sure they take their end of it the right way. Otherwise, they will have a probable cause violation and lose the case.